Question

Write the name of the main constituents of biogas. Also state its percentage.

Answer 1

Hint: Biogas is the mixture of gases which are produced by the breakdown of organic substances in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be prepared from raw materials such as agricultural waste, food waste, green waste and many more.
Complete step by step solution:
Let us first talk about biogas.
Biogas is the mixture of gases which are produced by the breakdown of organic substances in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be prepared from raw materials such as agricultural waste, food waste, green waste and many more.
Biogas can be used to produce electricity so that we can save our fossil fuels like coal and petrol for the future. The main constituents of biogas are: methane, carbon dioxide.
The composition of these constituent are as follows:
Methane: $50 - 75\% $
Carbon dioxide: $25 - 50\% $
Along with these there are also some other substances in the biogas which are present in very small quantity which are as follows:
Nitrogen: $0 - 10\% $
Hydrogen: $0 - 1\% $
Hydrogen sulphide: $0.1 - 1.5\% $
Oxygen: $0 - 0.5\% $
The substances other than methane and carbon dioxide are present in very low quantities. So the main constituents of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide.

Additional information:
Biogas is a non-polluting resource. We can use biogas for many purposes like for producing electricity, it also recycles carbon dioxide (because the carbon dioxide released during the use of biogas is used by the plants in photosynthesis which again forms organic matter and then biogas forms).
Biogas can be used as a fuel if it is compressed.
Biogas can be used for the cooking and heating purposes because it contains methane which on burning produces heat and that heat we can use for the cooking and heating purposes.

Note: Methane is $C{H_4}$ molecule. In this compound one s-orbitals mix with three p-orbitals. so initially its hybridization is $s{p^3}$ and forms four hybrid orbitals (that is why methane has four hydrogen connected to carbon by single bonds).