Question

Write the name of four types of species.

Answer 1

Hint: A species is a group of organisms that share a genetic heritage, are able to interbreed, and to create offspring that are also fertile.
An ecological species is a set of organisms adapted to a particular set of resources, called a niche, in the environment.

Complete step by step answer:
In ecology, the four types of species in an environment are-
1. Allopatric or geographic species:
Geographic or allopatric species states that in sexually reproducing animals a new species develops when a population that is geographically isolated from the other populations of its parental species, acquires during this period of isolation some characters that promote or guarantee reproductive isolation after the external barriers breakdown.
2. Peripatric species:
When small groups of individuals break off from the larger group and form a new species, this is called peripatric speciation.
In peripatric speciation, one group is much smaller than the other.
Unique characteristics of the smaller groups are passed on to future generations of the group, making those traits more common among that group and distinguishing it from the others.
3. Parapatric species:
In parapatric speciation, a species is spread out over a large geographic area.
Although it is possible for any member of the species to mate with another member, individuals only mate with those in their own geographic region.
 Instead of being separated by a physical barrier, the species are separated by differences in the same environment.
Parapatric speciation sometimes happens when part of an environment has been polluted.
4. Sympatric species:
Sympatric speciation means the method of origin of reproductive isolating mechanisms within the dispersal area of the offspring of a single deme.
Sympatric speciation occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another.

Note:
Though major speciation are- allopatric, parapatric, peripatric and sympatric, there is another kind of speciation known as artificial speciation introduced by humans through genetic engineering.