Question

Write down the objective of plant breeding. Mention the main steps in breeding any new genetic crop.

Answer 1

Hint: The plant breeding is defined as the process of changing the plant species so as to produce the new desired genotypes and the phenotypes for a desired purpose. It is done by either controlling the pollination in the plants, genetically modifying the genes and artificially selecting the progeny of the plants.

Complete answer:
Objectives:
The main objective of the plant breeding is to create the plants with the desired genotype and the phenotype and making it economically beneficial to the humans. To improve the plant characteristics for the increase in the yield or the productivity in agriculture. The example of the plant breeding is the double color in the roses.

Steps in plant breeding:
(1) The collection of the plant variety for doing the desired plant breeding.
(2) Doing the cross hybridization of the crops selected. Cross hybridization is the process in which the desired genomic (3) DNA is formed from the complementary base pairs.
(4) Analyzing the result of the cross hybridization of the selected plants and the selection and the testing of the superior variety of the plants
(5) After obtaining the variety, it must be tested to find that it is superior to the other varieties and also it must be the desired variety.
(6) Testing several times and releasing the new superior variety and making it into a commercialized variety.

Note: The plants that are produced from the plant breeding has many advantages like they can produce more productivity, they are disease resistant, drought resistant, fast growth, quick maturation and it can be adapted to any climatic condition