Question

Write about the methodologies of the human genome project.

Answer 1

Hint: It was international scientific research that was successfully completed within the year 2003 by sequencing the entire human genome.

Complete answer:
The human genome project remains the world’s largest collaborative project that includes the identification and mapping of all the genes of the human genome.
The methods of the human genome project are -
-Expressed sequence tags wherein the genes were differentiated into those forming a neighbourhood of the genome and therefore the others which expressed RNAs.
-Sequence Annotation wherein the whole genome was first sequenced and therefore the functional tags were assigned later.
The process of the human genome projects are –
-The entire gene set was isolated from a cell.
-It was then split into small fragments.
-This DNA structure was then amplified with the assistance of a vector which mostly was BAC (Bacterial artificial chromosomes) and YAC (Yeast artificial chromosomes).
-The smaller fragments were then sequenced using the DNA sequencers.
-On the idea of overlapping regions, the sequences were then arranged.
-All the knowledge of this genome sequence was then stored during a computer-based program.
-This way the whole genome was sequenced and stored as a genome database in computers. Genome mapping was a subsequent goal that was achieved with the assistance of the repetitive DNA sequences.

Note: The Human Genome Project led to the expansion of bioinformatics which may be a vast field of research. The successful sequencing of the human genome could solve the mystery of the many disorders in humans and gave us how to cope up with them.