Question

Which was the first product contributed to humankind by the science of biotechnology in early 1972?
A) Somatotropin
B) Insulin
C) Cytokines
D) Erythropoietin

Answer 1

Hint it is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland .It is a growth hormone. It is used to increase the growth in children with conditions that affect development and normal growth. It also mediates its effects indirectly by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

Complete step-by-step answer:
 The structure of the Growth hormone in 1972 became the activator for the development of recombinant DNA-derived human Growth hormone. The gene was cloned first time in 1979. A process to develop recombinant human Growth Hormone (rhGH) is known as protein secretion technology.
 So, this process is done with the help of a vector for example we can isolate a plasmid from any E. coli strain and the DNA strand is taken from an appropriate source that is to be cloned. Both the plasmid and the required DNA strand are cleaved by restriction enzymes(restriction endonucleases and exonucleases) and joined together, and then reformed into a circular structure. When you insert a piece of alien DNA into a cloning vector and transfer it into a bacterial, plant, or animal cell, the alien DNA gets multiplied. In almost all recombinant DNA technologies the aim is to produce a desirable protein. So The recombinant plasmid is inserted into E. coli bacterium, which is then transformed to form the desired protein or protein of interest. This is currently the most common method used to synthesize recombinant human growth hormone, known generically as somatotropin.
This is a form of red biotechnology in which organisms are utilized for the production of novel drugs or to replace injured tissues with stem cells. This can be simply called medical biotechnology.

Hence the correct answer is option(A) Somatotropin.
Note: If any protein-encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called a Recombinant protein, and this method is also used for the preparation of antibiotics. It helps in providing effective treatments against many diseases.