Question

Which one of the following pairs of terms/names means one and the same thing?
A. Gene pool - Genome
B. Codon - Gene
C. Cistron - Triplet
D. DNA fingerprinting - DNA profiling

Answer 1

Hint: A gene pool indicates the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a replicating species or population. A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism. A codon is a series of three consecutive nucleotides in an RNA or DNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid. A gene is the main physical and functional unit of heredity. Cistron is an alternate term for genes. DNA fingerprinting is a chemical test that reveals the genetic makeup of a person or other living things. DNA profiling is the process in which a certain DNA pattern, known as a profile, is extracted from a person or sample of bodily tissue.

Step by step solution:
Genome signifies the total amount of DNA present in the haploid set of chromosomes of an organism while gene pool is the total of genes of a population. A particular sequence of three RNA or DNA nucleotides representing a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis is referred to as a codon while A gene is a short sequence of DNA encoding for a particular trait. A gene has a series of codons that defines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. Since a codon is a series of three nucleotide bases, it is also called a triplet while a gene is also called a cistron because it exposes a certain cis-trans behaviour. DNA fingerprinting detects and assesses the genetic information of an individual based on the fact that no two people carry a similar nucleotide sequence of DNA. DNA profiling also means deciphering the person's characteristics based on their genetic material. Thus, DNA fingerprinting and profiling are identical things.

So, option (D) is correct.
Note: DNA fingerprinting or profiling contains any DNA-based methods that identify the DNA from a specific individual or group of individuals within a community of organisms. DNA fingerprinting is a molecular genetic technique that allows the identification of individuals under unique patterns of DNA. DNA profiling is a forensic method used in both parentage testing and criminal investigations.