Question

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
A. Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.
B. Henle's loop: most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate.
C. Distal convoluted tubule: reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries.
D. Afferent arteriole: carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.

Answer 1

Hint: Podocytes are cells of Bowman's capsule which filters the blood.
Henle's loops are long U-shaped portions of the tubule.
Distal convoluted tubules play a role in sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis.
Afferent arterioles are the arterioles that bring blood to the glomerulus.

Complete answer:
The four names are podocytes, Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubules and afferent arterioles. So first, we'll learn about these four parts of nephrons.

> Podocytes: podocytes are present at the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule, which has spaces between them. The glomerular filtrate is now passed by these podocytes. Here, the podocytes work as sieves and filter the blood from glomerular filtrate.

> Henle's loop: Loop of Henle, long U-shaped portion of the tubule. When urine is passed through Henley's loop, this loop recovers water and sodium from the urine.

> Distal convoluted tubules: The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a part of the nephron present between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule. The distal convoluted tubule plays an important role in sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis.

> Afferent arterioles: Nephrons have two arteries. The afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole takes blood away from the glomerulus.

Hence, The correct answer is option (A).

Note: Podocytes are present in the Bowman's capsule, which has spaces between them. The glomerular filtrate reaches Bowman's capsule and is filtered by these podocytes and the blood cells are retained within the glomerulus. The Malpighian body filters the blood so that the waste can be separated from the blood. The filtrate further moves to tubules and the rest process of urine formation occurs.