Question

Which of the following was the consequence of the Anglo-Maratha war?
A. Bombay came under the control of the English East India Company.
B. Shifting of the export base from Surat port to Bombay port.
C. Establishment of 1st cotton mill in Bombay.
D. Bombay became the capital of the Bombay Presidency.

Answer 1

Hint: The third Anglo-Maratha war was fought around 1817-1818. After this war, The Peshwa surrendered to the British, and the territory of the Marathas was captured and became a part of the Bombay Presidency.

Complete answer: The final and decisive battle between the East India Company and the Maratha Empire took place in 1817-1818, this battle was the Third Anglo-Maratha War. When the war ended, the East India Company captured most of India.
The Maratha territory was invaded by the British EIC combatants and as the number of British troops was more, they destroyed the Maratha Army. Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of Bengal led the troops, and he also got the support of General Thomas Hislop.
The victories of the British were rapid which resulted in the fragmentation of the Maratha Empire and the loss of Maratha Independence.
In the battle of Khadki and Koregaon, the Peshwa was defeated.
At Bithur in Kanpur, The Peshwa was captured. Most of his territory was taken away by the British Company and became part of the Bombay Presidency. One of the most important consequences of the Anglo-Maratha war was that Bombay became the capital of the Bombay Presidency.
Talking about the other options,
A. Bombay came under the control of the English East India Company in 1661, the English East India Company named it British Presidency.
B. The Company saw Bombay as a state of opportunities as it facilitates trade and commerce and the port was shifted from Surat in the second half of the 17th century.
C. On 7 July 1854, the first cotton mill was established and it was named the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company.
Thus the correct option is D.

Note: It was evident that the British troops outnumbered the Maratha army but still there was a lack of unity in the Maratha commanders. They also failed to decipher the political and diplomatic capabilities of the British.