Question

Which of the following techniques are used in analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)?
A. Electrophoresis
B. Electroporation
C. Methylation
D. Restriction digestion
A) A and C
B) C and D
C) A and D
D) B and D

Answer 1

Hint: Restriction fragment length polymorphism is a technique that is used to differentiate between the variations seen in homologous DNA sequences. The restriction enzymes cut the DNA of interest into fragments. These fragments can then be separated on the basis of their molecular weights.

Complete answer: Every individual in a species shares the DNA makeup. The DNA is the genetic material in cells that are inherited over generations and carry information. Although, the majority of the DNA sequence is similar in individuals of the same species. Though, there are some variations that give us different identities. These minor variations are single base-pair changes. These changes are termed as sequence polymorphisms. Sequence polymorphisms in individuals are different and it gives different identities to different individuals. Restriction enzymes are a special kind of molecular scissors that can cut the DNA at specific sites by recognizing their recognition sequences on the DNA. These enzymes produce fragments of DNA having specific lengths based on the sites from where they have been cut. The sequence polymorphisms are unique in every individual’s cells. This causes variations in the size of cut DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction enzymes. These length variations are called Restriction fragment length polymorphisms or RFLPs. Electrophoresis is a technique that can be used to separate bio-molecules based on their molecular weights. As the cut RFLPs differ by size they have different molecular weights. Based on this principle they can be separated by using the gel electrophoresis technique. So, restriction digestion or restriction enzymes and electrophoresis are the two techniques employed in analyzing RFLPs.
a) Electroporation, on the other hand, is a technique that is used to insert the DNA of interest in a host cell forcefully with the help of an electric current.
b)Methylation is a process that is carried out by bacteria to modify and protect its own DNA with the help of DNA methylase enzyme from restriction digestion.
Hence, option C is the correct answer.


Note: Analyzing RFLPs variations in genomes is used as a vital tool in genome mapping and analysis of genetic diseases. It is also used in genetic fingerprinting, identification of samples from crime scenes, paternity analysis, etc.