Question

Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(i) Plants have no thermoregulation.
(ii) 99% animals and almost all plants are conformers.
(iii) Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area.
(iv) Thermoregulation is energetically east expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds.
(v) 99% animals are thermoregulators.
(vi) Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperatures.

(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (iv),(v) and (vi)
(c) None of these
(D) All of these

Answer 1

Hint: Animals may control their internal temperature to maintain a steady, stable condition through a process known as homeostasis. Living things can regulate their internal temperature or conform their internal temperature to the external temperature in order to obtain this stability in their internal habitat.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Organisms can be divided into two groups according to how they respond to changes in their environment. These groups are conformers and regulators.

Conformers are also referred to as ectotherms since they are unable to control their own body temperature. They change their behaviour to fit the environment or move to places with the right temperatures. Conformers are known as cold-blooded creatures. Examples in this class include insects, reptiles, and amphibians. Regulators are also known as endotherms. They have the ability to adjust their internal environment through control systems in order to maintain an appropriate internal temperature, which is essential for carrying out physiological functions.

Animals with warm blood are frequently used to describe regulators. Birds and mammals are examples of this class. Through the creation of heat and metabolic activities, they keep their body temperature constant. Regulators include all species of birds and mammals as well as a few lower vertebrates and invertebrates. For smaller organisms, like shrews and hummingbirds, maintaining body temperature requires a lot of energy. Since of their small size, these creatures lose heat more quickly because their surface area to volume ratio is higher. Therefore, they require a large amount of energy to produce body heat. As a result, they expend a lot of energy maintaining body temperature. Nearly all plants and about 99 per cent of animals lack a system to maintain a stable interior body environment. As the weather outside varies, so does their body temperature. Conformers are what we call them. Archaebacteria are extremophiles that can readily thrive in extremely challenging environments, such as the ocean floor and volcanic vents. They can endure temperatures over the boiling point as well as acidic and alkaline aquatic environments. Those archaebacteria that thrive at temperatures above 100 degrees possess unique protein molecules that stay functioning at high temperatures without coagulating. Thus statements, (iv) Thermoregulation is energetically east expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds, (v) 99% animals are thermoregulators and (vi) Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperatures are incorrect and therefore the correct option is (B) (iv),(v),(vi).

Note: To answer this question, it is crucial to understand the distinction between conformers and regulators.