Question

Which of the following statements is correct according to Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics?
A.It is impossible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature.
B.It is impossible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature, without the aid of an external source.
C.It is possible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature by using a refrigeration cycle.
D.None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: The German scientist Rudolf Clausius laid the foundation for the second law of thermodynamics by examining the relationship between work and heat transfer. According to him heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without having other changes occurring at the same time.

Complete step by step answer:
Clausius statement comes from the second law of thermodynamics and states that “it is impossible to design a device which works on a cycle and produces no other effect, other than heat transfer from a cold body to a hot body.” That is, it is impossible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature, without the aid of an external source.
We can also say that heat transfer can only occur spontaneously in the direction of decrease in temperature. One such example is, we cannot construct a refrigerator which operates without any work input.
Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was a German mathematician and a physicist, who is one of the central founders of thermodynamic science. He introduced a few important concepts which are based on the theory of heat and work. It is a restatement of the Carnot cycle. He published a paper on “The Moving Force of Heat” in 1850. He also introduced entropy and virial theorem in the year 1865-1870.
Example of Clausius' statement is a refrigerator with coefficient of performance equal to infinity which is impossible to design. Therefore, it is impossible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature, without the aid of an external source according to Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

Hence the correct option is (B).

Note:
Second law of thermodynamics not only describes the above fact but also tells about entropy which is a measure of the disorder in a system. It says that the total entropy of both systems and its surrounding always increases. It tells us about the spontaneity of a reaction i.e. whether the reaction is spontaneous or nonspontaneous.