Question

Which of the following produces androgenic haploids in anther cultures?
A. Anther wall
B. Tapetal layer of anther wall
C. Connective tissue
D. Young pollen grains

Answer 1

Hint: Anther culture: It means plant rebirth from the haploid microspore cells with the aim of forming haploid and dihaploid plant production.
There are few reports on plant regeneration in the anther culture of buckwheat.
Anther culture was first discovered in the 1970s by Guha and Maheshwari.

Complete answer:
The fundamental principle of anther and pollen culture is the production of haploid plants utilizing the totipotency of microspore and the occurrence of a single set of chromosomes in microspore.
In need to avoid these problems, free pollen grains isolated from the anther are grown in nutrient medium.
Importance of Anther culture is:
1. In mutagenic studies, pollen culture has great importance.
2. By anther and, pollen culture many haploid plants can be produced very rapidly.
3. Homozygous diploid plants obtained by doubling the chromosomes of haploids have great importance in plant breeding and crop improvement.
The pollen was produced by squeezing the anthers after sterilizing it with hypochlorite.
The obtained pollen was cultured on nutrient media.
The cells of connective tissue, tapetal layer of anther wall and anther wall are diploid in nature so they produce diploid plants.

So, the correct option is option D. Young Pollen grains.

Note: The culture of pollen offers the following additional advantages:
1. Overcrowding of pollen grain in anther is eliminated and isolated pollen grains are equally exposed to nutrient medium.
2. Unwanted growth of the anther wall and other associated tissue are eliminated.