Question

Which of the following is used as the best genetic vector in plants?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
C. Pseudomonas putida
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint:
A vector is typically a DNA molecule that is used in molecular cloning to intentionally transport foreign genetic information into a different cell where it can be reproduced and/or expressed. Recombinant DNA is the word for a vector containing foreign DNA, which assists in the development of genetically modified plants.

Complete step by step solution:
Ti plasmid vector is the most often used natural vector for cloning genes in plants. The bacteria that causes tumors in plants that are found in the agrobacterium tumefaciens uses the Ti plasmid vector. In addition, by infecting the plant with the plasmid, it is possible to modify the T DNA section of the plasmid, remove the tumor producing gene, and aid in the introduction of foreign genes into plants.
Generally speaking, Ti plasmids have the ability to stimulate the formation of opianes, which are sugar-phosphate or different amino acid derivatives, in host plant cells. As a result, the infecting bacteria can feed on these opiates to accelerate them utilising genes expressed only in the Ti plasmid.
The method utilised in cloning vectors that is most frequently used is genetically modified plasmids. The first time cloning was done, E. coli was used, and plasmids like bacteriophage, cosmids and artificial chromosomes from bacteria were cloned to E. coli. By employing E. coli, very big DNA fragments, including those from other organisms like yeast, cannot remain stable. For example, a selectable marker is appropriate for cloning all the functionally significant molecular biology vectors. Shuttle vectors are those that kept a different organism alive together with the E. coli. Containing the use of cloning vectors with several cloning sites and numerous distinct restriction sites, genes can be easily removed and introduced. Small segments of DNA called "cloning vectors'' are introduced with foreign DNA fragments for cloning purposes in order to ensure the stability of the organisms. The plasmid of the bacterium and viruses is used as cloning vectors, as well as the cell of higher species. The ability to insert and remove DNA fragments using vectors is a property of restriction enzymes that cut DNA fragments.
Hence, the correct answer is Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Option ‘B’ is correct

Note:
The host plant cells are where the different sugar phosphates and amino acids are produced by the opium-producing Ti plasmids. The Ti plasmid-encoded genes that respect opines were exploited to supply the infected bacteria that catabolize opines with food.