Question

Which of the following is most abundant in human DNA?
A. Regulatory genes
B. Non-coding DNA
C. Transposons
D. Homeotic genes

Answer 1

Hint: All of the estimated 3 billion base pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which comprise the whole set of chromosomes in the human organism are referred to as the human genome. The human genome contains both the coding areas of DNA, which encode all of the human organism's genes and the non-coding areas of DNA, which do not encode any genes.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Non-coding DNA sequences are DNA components that do not encode protein sequences. Non-coding DNA is transcribed into fully functioning non-coding RNA molecules in some cases (for instance, transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNA). Other non-coding DNA workable regions involve regulatory sequences that regulate gene expression. Introns, pseudogenes, intergenic DNA, as well as transposons, and virus fragments appear to be mostly nonfunctional. Many eukaryotes' genomes comprise seemingly non-functional regions, and many scientists believe they are junk DNA.
Non-coding DNA comes in many forms, among which are non-coding genes. Protein-coding genes and noncoding genes are the two types of genes. Noncoding genes, which include genes for transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA, are an essential element of non-coding DNA. In the 1960s, these genes were discovered. Other noncoding RNA genes can be found in prokaryotic genomes, however, noncoding RNA genes are much more common in eukaryotes.
Noncoding genes make up only a small percentage of prokaryotic genomes, but they can end up making a much larger proportion of eukaryotic genomes. Noncoding genes account for at least 6% of the genome in humans, owing to the 100s of replicas of ribosomal RNA genes. Protein-coding genes account for approximately 38% of the genome, which is considerably higher than the coding region due to large introns.
The amount of noncoding genes in the human genome is debatable. Some scientists claim there are only 5,000 noncoding genes, whereas others believe there are more than 100,000.



Note: Non-coding DNA accounts for more than 95 percent of the human genome. Promoters and regulatory sequences are a common type of noncoding DNA, but because they are mostly made up of short sequences, they do not cover a large portion of the genome.