Question

Which of the following is diamagnetism?
A. Aluminum
B. Quartz
C. Nickel
D. Bismuth

Answer 1

Hint: When the substances are placed in a magnetic field, it leads to the alignment in the direction of the magnetic field or opposes the applied magnetic field. The substances which were aligned in the direction of the magnetic field are diamagnetic substances and opposed substances are paramagnetic substances.

Complete answer:
Magnetic substances are of different types. Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances. Diamagnetic substances align in the direction of the magnetic field, and paramagnetic substances oppose the applied magnetic field. Ferro magnetic substances oppose the applied magnetic field strongly.

Generally, the presence of unpaired electrons makes the compound to be paramagnetic in nature. But some naturally occurring elements, though it has unpaired electrons, are diamagnetic in nature due to the negative or nearer to negative magnetic susceptibility values which was represented by \[\chi \].

Magnetic susceptibility value leads to the classification of substances as para, dia, and ferromagnetic substances.Nickel is a ferromagnetic substance as it strongly opposes the magnetic field, and aluminium is a paramagnetic substance. Bismuth is one of the naturally occurring elements with negative magnetic susceptibility value. Thus, it is a diamagnetic substance.

Thus, option D is the correct answer.

Note: Quartz is sometimes referred to as diamagnetic substances but not all the time. Silica is the main component of quartz. The quartz were available as different types.Based on the structure of quartz, quartz was classified as diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances. Thus, quartz is not a permanent diamagnetic substance.