Question

Which of the following is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero ?
(A) Plasma
(B) Quanta
(C) Bose Einstein condensate
(D) None of above

Answer 1

Hint: Plasma is the state of matter that deals with superheated matter. But here the gas is cooled to a very low temperature.
There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.
Quanta is a term used to refer to the minimum amount of energy.
Bosons obey Bose Einstein statistics.

Complete step by step answer:
Plasma
Plasma is referred to as the fourth state of matter .
As we all know, when solid is heated, it turns into liquid and in further heating it eventually turns into gas. Similarly, when gas is heated at high temperature , it will form plasma.
It is basically an ionized gas from which the electrons and protons are separated.
Quanta
Quantum spin hall state, it’s a new topological state of quantum matter.
It is similar to quantum hall state and does not require a large magnetic field.
The spinning of electrons produces a magnetic dipole.
This state of matter is related to the spinning of electrons at atomic levels.
Bose Einstein statistics
A Bose gas is similar to classical ideal gas. It consists of bosons, which have an integer value of spin.
The statistics of this gas were studied by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein and they realized that it would form a condensate at a very low temperature ,close to absolute zero.

So, the correct answer is Option C.

Note: There different states of matter are –
Solid,Liquid,Gas
Plasma
Supercritical liquid
Excitation
Degenerate matter
Bose – Einstein condensate
Fermionic condensate
Superconductivity
Superfluid
Quantum spin liquid
Out of these, solid, liquid and gas are the fundamental states of matter while others are modern states.