Question

Which of the following follows Mendel’s law of segregation?
A. Genetic material is equally distributed during mitosis
B. Each gamete receives one gene for an allele
C. Genetic material enters only one gamete
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Mendel examined the inheritance of traits in pea plants. He proposed a framework wherein pairs of "heritable elements," or genes, specified attributes. Genetic traits come in a variety of forms, or alleles. The dominant allele masks the recessive allele and influences the appearance of the species.

Complete answer: Whenever an organism makes gametes, each gamete earns just one gene copy, which would be randomly chosen. This is referred to as the law of Segregation. As per the law of segregation, only one of two copies of genes involved in the species is assigned to each gamete (egg or sperm cell) that it creates, as well as the distribution of copies of the genes is unpredictable. When an egg and a sperm are subjected to the process of fertilization, they make a new organism, the genetic diversity of which will be composed of alleles in the gametes. The Punnett square could be used to forecast the genetic traits (allele combinations) or phenotypes (observable traits) of the descendants of genetic crossings. The test cross may be used to decide how an individual with a dominant phenotype becomes homozygous or heterozygous.
So, the correct answer is (B).

Note: The theoretical meaning of Mendel’s segregation law would be the first split of meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes with the specific copies of each gene are sorted into daughter cells. The conduct of homologous chromosomes during meiosis may account for the segregation of the alleles of each genetic locus to distinct gametes. When chromosomes split into multiple gametes in meiosis, the two different alleles for a specific gene, therefore, separate such that each gamete inherits one of two alleles.