Question

Which of the following factors is required for protein synthesis?

I Initiation codon

II. GTP and ATP

III. Peptidyl transferase

IV. tRNA

V. mRNA

VI. Amino acid activating

VII. rRNA

Choose the correct combination.

A. I, II, and III
B. III, IV and V
C. V, VI, VII
D. All of these

Answer 1

Hint: Protein synthesis is the procedure through which polypeptide chains are formed within the cell from coded combinations of solitary amino acids. Ribosome is the site for the synthesis of protein.

Complete step by step solution:
Protein synthesis is a difficult and time-consuming procedure that entails the translation of genetic messages carried by messenger RNA into a polypeptide chain.
Ribosomes: Protein synthesis sites: They are protein synthesis locations that are made up of both smaller and larger units. Only during protein synthesis do the two units come together. Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, whilst eukaryotes possess 80S ribosomes. Each ribosome has 3 binding sites: E-site (Exit site), A-site (Aminoacyl site), and P-site (Protein binding site) (peptidyl site).

Amino acid activation: 20 naturally produced amino acids are involved in protein synthesis. Amino acid activation is accomplished through the use of an enzyme, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, in the appearance of Mg, which in itself is extremely specific for a particular amino acid.

In the concentration of a particular aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, the amino acid reacts with ATP to generate the activated form known as aminoacyl adenylic acid (Amino acid-AMP-enzyme complex). The resulting complex is known as an activated amino acid.
tRNA in protein synthesis is to utilize its anticodon to decode a particular codon of mRNA in order to transport a certain amino acid towards the terminus of a chain in the ribosome. The end result is a complete protein that can be packaged and shipped as needed.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) binds to a group of proteins to produce ribosomes. Such complex structures, that literally move along a messenger RNA, catalyze the formation of protein chains from amino acids. They as well bind tRNAs and other molecules required for protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) particularly transports the protein template from a cell's DNA towards its ribosomes, which are the "systems" that drive protein synthesis.

The correct option is D.

Note:
The protein synthesizing machinery needs to select the appropriate starting points for messenger RNA reading as well as peptide bond formation. AUG is commonly used as the first codon, and almost all proteins start with methionine.