Question

Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?
A. Brazil
B. South Africa
C. Russia
D. India

Answer 1

Hint: Biosphere: It is a part or portion on the surface of earth where life exists.
It includes the portion of land, air, water.
Biodiversity is a term which describes a biological diversity which means different kinds of life forms exist on the earth.
Major components of biodiversity are
1. Ecosystems diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Genetic diversity.

Complete answer:
In our biosphere different varieties of diversification exist not only at species level but at all the levels of biological organisms.
Biodiversity is the term used to describe different kinds of species present on the earth.
Edward Wilson, one of the popular sociobiologists used this term to describe the combined diversity at all levels of biological organization.
The most important of them are:
1. Genetic Diversity: This type describes that a single species might show high diversity at genetic level over its distribution range.
2. Species diversity: In this type, the diversity at the species level.
For example: The Western Ghats have greater amphibian species diversity than Eastern Ghats.
3. Ecological diversity: In this type, Diversity is at ecosystem level.
For example: Deserts, rain forests, mangroves and alpine meadows.
Brazil is the only country with highest biodiversity.
Biodiversity accounts one-tenth of the world’s overall species.
In South Africa biodiversity is at thirteenth level in the list.
In India, biodiversity is at eight levels in the list.
In Russia, biodiversity is very low due to an unsuitable climate and environment.

So, the correct option is option A. Brazil.

Note: It takes millions of years for evolution to accumulate this rich diversity in nature.
Biodiversity and conservation are now two environmental issues of international concern as more and more people around the world begin to realize the critical importance of biodiversity.