Question

Which of the following assisted reproductive techniques is used to inject sperm into vagina or uterus of a female?
A. Artificial insemination
B. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
C. In Vitro fertilization
D. Invivo fertilization

Answer 1

Hint: To solve the problem of infertility, nowadays fertilization is done outside the body of females in almost similar conditions as that inside the body. There are applications of reproductive technology which are known as Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Some most important techniques are-
Test tube baby or the in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Artificial insemination technique (AIT).
Gamete intra Fallopian transfer (GIFT).
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Complete explanation
Option A Artificial insemination: In this technique the sperms are collected from the husband or healthy male donor and are artificially introduced into the vagina or uterus of the female. This technique is also known as Intra-uterine insemination (IUI).
Option A is correct.
Option B Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): In this technique, either one single spermatozoon or even a spermatid is directly injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte by micropuncture of the zona pellucida and is performed under a high quality inverted operating microscope.
Option B is not correct.
Option C Invitro fertilization: In this technique one or more eggs are removed from the ovary. Then the eggs are fertilized in the laboratory environment and are implanted back into the uterus at the zygotic or early embryonic stage. Fertilization is done outside the body hence it is known as in vitro fertilization.
Option C is not correct.
Option D In Vivo fertilization: Invivo means inside the body. This is a natural process in which fertilization takes place inside the body of the female.
Option D is not correct.

Therefore Option A is the correct answer.

Note:
These techniques are done in infertility cases either due to inability of the male partner to copulate the female or due to very low sperm count in the semen of the male partner. Success rate of every technique differs due to various factors and inabilities inside male and female partner. Also fertilization rate and effectiveness or every technique differs.