Question

Which is not true about coenzyme and prosthetic groups?
A. Both are required for enzyme action
B. Both are separated from enzymes
C. Both are organic compounds
D. Both are not polypeptides

Answer 1

Hint: Enzymes are a linear chain structure which is composed of amino acids. The sequence of amino acids defines the structure, which helps to identify the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The enzymes are a biopolymer that helps to catalyse various chemical reactions.

Complete answer:
Enzymes can be referred to as a group of proteins molecules that act as a catalyst to various biological reactions. They are also known as biocatalysts. The enzymes act upon which molecules are known as called substrates and the enzymes break down the substrates into different molecules known as products.
A cofactor can be defined as a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is essential for the activity of the enzyme as a catalyst. Cofactors can be denoted as helper molecules that support various biochemical transformations. Cofactors are typically different from ligands in that they often derive their function by remaining bound.
Cofactors can be classified into two types which are inorganic ions and complex organic molecules. These complex organic molecules are known as coenzymes. Generally, the coenzymes are obtained from vitamins and other organic essential nutrients in small amounts.
Coenzymes are further classified into two types. The first type is known as a prosthetic group. It is made up of such coenzyme that is tightly or even covalently, and permanently bound to a protein. The second type of coenzymes is known as co-substrates. These are transiently bound to the protein. Co-substrates may be produced from a protein at some point, and then rebind later. Both prosthetic groups and co-substrates perform the same function, which is to catalyze the reaction of enzymes and protein.
So, both the coenzyme and prosthetic groups are essential for the enzymatic reaction. Both of them are organic compounds and they are not polypeptides but they are not separated from enzymes.
Thus, the right option is B.

Note: The cofactor is a non-protein substance which acts as catalysts to the various reactions of the enzyme. The cofactors may be metal ions or organic chemicals. The organic chemicals of the cofactors are known as a coenzyme which is loosely attached to the apoenzyme. They are mainly obtained from vitamins and other organic essential nutrients in small amounts. And the prosthetic groups are a type of coenzymes that are also required for the enzyme action. Both coenzymes and prosthetic groups are organic compounds and they are not polypeptides.