Question

Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Hint: Hormones are informational molecules secreted by the endocrine cells in one part of the body in response to changes in the external or internal environment and carried by the blood to another part where they stimulate or inhibit specific physiological processes for the good of the body as a whole.
In other words, the hormone is chemical messengers that regulate the biological processes in the organism.

Complete answer: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells on stimulation by a rise in blood glucose level such as after a meal.
1. The deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
2. The patient cannot use or store glucose. Thus, glucose accumulates in the blood from where it is excreted by kidneys in urine. Glucose increases the osmotic pressure of urine, causing loss of water from the body in urine. This produces excessive thirst.
3. Degradation of fats increases, producing ketone bodies such as acetoacetate and acetone.
Blood cholesterol rises.
4. Healing power is impaired. Injuries may change into gangrenes.
The diabetic person has blurred vision and is weak, tired, irritable, and underweight.
5. It is a pancreatic disorder.

Additional information: Insulin serves many functions :
1. It enables the liver and muscles to store glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis) and enables the tissue to take up and use glucose as a source of energy.
This lowers the blood glucose level.
2. It promotes the synthesis of proteins from amino acids in the tissues.
3. It reduces the breakdown of proteins to maintain the tissues.
4. It promotes the synthesis of fats from fatty acids and glucose in the adipose tissue.

So the correct answer is Insulin

Note: Diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency of insulin which is a pancreatic disorder but diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which is hypothalamus disorder.