Question

Which glands are known as glands of emergency? How does the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function as a closely integrated system?

Answer 1

Hint: A gland is an organ that produces and releases a chemical substance that performs a specific function in the body. There are two types of glands present in the body – endocrine glands that release their secretions directly into the blood and exocrine glands that release their secretions into ducts.

Complete answer:
Glands of emergency:Adrenal glands are called glands of emergency.These glands are located on the top of each kidney.They are called emergency glands because they release a hormone named as Adrenaline.Adrenaline is a hormone that releases during an emergency situation.Adrenaline increases the heart beat rate, blood pressure, etc as to fight against that emergency situation.

Adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system as closely integrated system:
>Adrenal medulla is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
>The adrenal medulla portion of the adrenal gland secretes the hormones named as epinephrine and norepinephrine.
>These hormones are very important in the fight or flight reactions to a sudden or emergency stress or condition.
>The secretions of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine is stimulated only when the nerve impulses reach the medulla through sympathetic nerve fibres.
>Both sympathetic nervous systems and adrenal medulla are stimulated in physical stress conditions like fall in blood pressure, pain, injury, etc.
>Both sympathetic nervous systems and adrenal medulla are also stimulated in the emotional stress conditions also like anger, fear, etc.
>So from the above discussion we can say that the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function as closely integrated systems.

Note:Adrenal gland is an endocrine gland which means it releases its secretions directly into the blood because endocrine gland is a ductless gland. Adrenal glands are also called suprarenal glands. They are the small triangular shaped glands that are located on the top of each kidney.