Question

Which component is not directly involved in the process known as translation?
(a)Ribosomes
(b)tRNA
(c)DNA
(d)mRNA

Answer 1

Hint: Translation is the process in which mRNA is translated to the amino acids that it codes for. Translation occurs in the following steps - initiation, elongation and termination.

Complete answer:
 During translation DNA is not directly involved in its process. DNA first gets transcribed to RNA to form the mRNA which then gets translated to form the amino acid chain. DNA is only used in the process of replication and transcription. In translation it has no direct role.

Additional Information: Ribosomes assemble themselves on the strands of the mRNA to start the process of translation. The smaller subunit binds to the RNA and the larger subunit acts as the site for the tRNA to attach. The larger subunit has three distinct regions known as A, P and E. The t RNA molecule attaches itself on the A site and exits from the E site. This process continues till the whole chain of amino acid is formed.
-t RNA is also called transfer RNA. It has a clover leaf like structure. It has three loops present and, on the anticodon loop it consists of the codon which attaches itself to the m RNA with the help of the ribosomes. Each tRNA has a specific amino acid codon attached to the end of the tRNA loop. These codons join together to form the amino acid chain.
-mRNA is also known as the messenger RNA. They are single stranded and contain sequences corresponding to the sequence of the DNA from which they got encoded during the process of transcription. They then play a crucial role in the synthesis of protein or the process of translation.
So, the correct answer is ‘DNA’.

Note: in the process of translation when two or more ribosomes are present in the long stretch of m RNA strand then it is known as polysome or polyribosome. As a single strand is synthesized by many ribosomes it makes the process more efficient. The ribosomes contain three regions where Trna joins they are – A region (acceptor), P region (peptidyl) and E region (exit).