Question

Which acid is the queen of acids?

Answer 1

Hint: It is one of the strong oxidizing acids, almost all the metals and non-metals soluble in this acid, it is used as an oxidizer in rocket fuel.

Complete answer:
$HN{{O}_{\begin{smallmatrix}
 3 \\

\end{smallmatrix}}}$ known as Nitric acid is a queen of acid because of highly reactivity in nature.
$HN{{O}_{3}}$ in pure form is a colorless liquid. But on long standing it turns brown in colour due the formation $N{{O}_{2}}$ gas known as Nitrogen Dioxide. $4HN{{O}_{3}}\xrightarrow[S\tan ding]{Long}2{{H}_{2}}O+4N{{O}_{2}}+{{O}_{2}}$
It is exclusively manufactured by the Ostwald process. In the process$N{{H}_{3}}$ (ammonia gas) is oxidized in the presence of $PtRh$ (Platinum- Rhodium) catalyst and ${{O}_{2}}$ from air leads in the formation of $NO$ (Nitric oxide).
 $4N{{H}_{3}}+5{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{Pt-Rh}4NO+6{{H}_{2}}O$
$NO$ formed combines with oxygen gas to form $N{{O}_{2}}$.
$2NO+{{O}_{2}}\to 2N{{O}_{2}}$
$N{{O}_{2}}$ absorbed in water to form $HN{{O}_{3}}$and $NO$,which is then recycled and again used in the manufacturing of nitric acid.
$3N{{O}_{2}}+{{H}_{2}}O\to 2HN{{O}_{3}}+NO$
It reacts with all the metals. Depending of the concentration of nitric acid it forms metal nitrate and gases like$N{{O}_{2}},{{N}_{2}}O,{{H}_{2}},NO$ is formed. Like as follows:
$Zn+4HN{{O}_{3}}(conc)\to Zn{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+2{{H}_{2}}O+N{{O}_{2}}$
$\begin{align}
  & 4Zn+10HN{{O}_{3}}(dil)\to 4Zn{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+5{{H}_{2}}O+{{N}_{2}}O \\
 & Mg+2HN{{O}_{3}}(V.dil)\to Mg{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+{{H}_{2}} \\
 & 3Pb+8HN{{O}_{3}}(dil)\to 3Pb{{(N{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}+2NO+4{{H}_{2}}O \\
\end{align}$
Similarly it reacts with non-metals are as follows
$\begin{align}
  & {{I}_{2}}+10HN{{O}_{3}}\to 2HI{{O}_{3}}+4{{H}_{2}}O+10N{{O}_{2}} \\
 & P+5HN{{O}_{3}}\to {{H}_{3}}P{{O}_{4}}+{{H}_{2}}O+5N{{O}_{2}} \\
\end{align}$
Elements like $Fe,Cr,Al$ show resistance in reaction with $HN{{O}_{3}}$ as an oxide film of respective element is formed on the surface which is passive in nature.
Noble metals like $Au,Pt$ doesn’t show reaction with nitric acid. But combination in nitric acid and conc hydrochloric acid in $1:3$ dissolves nobles metals in their chloride form.
$\begin{align}
  & HN{{O}_{3}}+\underset{conc}{\mathop{3HCL}}\,\to 2{{H}_{2}}O+2C{{l}^{-}}+\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
 Tildons \\
 \operatorname{Re}agent
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{NOCL}}\, \\
 & Au+3C{{l}^{-}}+HCL\to H[Auc{{l}_{4}}] \\
 & Pt+4C{{l}^{-}}+2HCL\to {{H}_{2}}[PtC{{l}_{6}}] \\
\end{align}$
Combination of $HN{{O}_{3}}$ and$concHCL$ is known as Aqua regia.

Note:
Brown Ring test is used for the detection of Nitrate $(NO_{3}^{-})$ ion is solution. In this $F{{e}^{2+}}$ (Ferrous ion) reduces nitrate to nitric acid and then $F{{e}^{2+}}$ reacts with nitric acid to form Brown ring complex (i.e$[Fe{{({{H}_{2}}O)}_{5}}NO]S{{O}_{4}}$ )