Question

What is the Unified Judicial System?

Answer 1

Hint:
Different types of judicial systems are found all over the world. In some countries, all courts work separately in accordance with their own set of guidelines and thus deliver the justice according to the way they themselves interpret their guidelines and in many countries, the guidelines of one court have to be followed by all the other courts and in case of final interpretation, the one done by the former is considered final.

Complete answer:
Meaning: A Unified Judicial system includes a system in which at the top is the central governing structure, like a head court, controlling the same sub-units meaning other minor courts. India has a unified judicial structure, with all the other courts directly or indirectly regulated by the Supreme Court at the top.

Advantages of Unified Judicial System:
1. A person who is not satisfied with the judgement of the lower court has a right to appeal to the higher court against the previous judgement.
2. In India if the fundamental rights of any person are violated then that person can directly approach the Supreme Court for seeking constitutional remedy and in return, Supreme Court can issue the required writ for the protection and enforcement of those fundamental rights.

Judicial structure of India: Under the Constitution of India, the Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the ultimate court of appeal. It is the highest civil court and has the ultimate power of judicial review.
India is a federal state and has a three-tier structure with a single and unified judicial system. This three-tier includes the Supreme Court on apex and under it High and Subordinate courts.

Note:
- In India, the Supreme Court was established in Calcutta, by the Regulating Act of 1773.
- Name of the person who served as the first Chief Justice of Independent India is Sir Harilal Jekisundas Kania. He served the office from 3 November 1890 to 6 November 1951 and died during his service in 1951.
- First female judge of the Supreme Court who later served as Chief Justice of India was Justice M. Fathima Beevi.