Question

What is stroma?

Answer 1

Hint The structure is involved in the process of photosynthesis and traps the light energy. It refers to the colourless fluid inside the chloroplast covering the grana which are arranged inside it in the form of disc-like plates.

Complete answer:
Grana and stroma are two structures of the chloroplast. Inside stroma, Grana is embedded in the form of a disc-like, while on the other hand a matrix is found in the chloroplast which is jelly-like, and colourless. Grana are connected with an in-depth system of tubules. Inside the thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll is present along with other pigments that are arranged that captures light energy for two photosystems called photosystem I and photosystem II. A thylakoid is a compartment that is membrane-bound inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The region between the membranes of the thylakoid is called the thylakoid lumen where the process of photosynthesis occurs, these reactions are light-dependent.
Additional information
-Thylakoids are of two ty[es: The Stroma thylakoid traps light energy for photosynthesis while the Grana thylakoids (thylakoid stacks are referred to as grana).
-In botany, stroma refers to the colourless fluid inside the chloroplast covering the grana.
-Grana (stacks of thylakoid) and sub-organelles or daughter cells are inside the stroma, where photosynthesis starts before the chemical changes in the stroma are completed.
-A granum (plural grana) is a thylakoid stack of discs. Chloroplasts may have between 10 and 100 grana. Grana are connected by stroma thylakoids. The distinct protein structure of Grana thylakoids and stroma thylakoids can be distinguished. Grana contributes to the wide surface area to volume ratio for chloroplasts.

Note:
Photosynthesis occurs in the subcellular organelles known as the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. It is the mechanism by which light energy is converted into chemical energy, resulting in the creation of organic compounds rich in oxygen and energy. Endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria (energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells) are descended from such organisms; photosynthetic cyanobacteria are free-living close relatives of chloroplasts.