Question

What is fermenter?

Answer 1

Hint: Fermenter is an apparatus or a vessel mostly where the fermentation is carried out to produce the fermented products commercially from the microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, etc. Different types of fermenters are used based on the type of product and the volume of the product to be produced. The most common type of fermenters is bubble column, air-lift, fluid bed fermenter, etc.

Complete answer:
About fermentation technique: -
This type of technique is mostly used for large scale production of microbial products. It provides both the environment for the microbial synthesis of the product which is desired and be economically feasible on the large scale. They both can be divided into the surface and the submersion of techniques. In the surface techniques, these microorganisms are cultivated on the surface of a solid substrate or liquid.
Parts of fermentation: -
> The formulation of media is used to culturing organisms during the development of inoculum and in the production of the fermentation.
> The sterilization of the medium, ancillary equipment, and fermenter.
> The production of an active and pure culture in the sufficient quantity to inoculate the production of the vessel.
> The growth of an organism in the production of fermenter under the optimum conditions for product and its purification.
> After the extraction of the product, it needs to purify.
> The disposal of an effluent produced with the help of process.
Some important fermentation products: -

Product	Organism	Use
Glycerol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Production of explosives
a-amylase	Bacillus subtitles	Starch hydrolysis
Lactic acid	Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Food and pharmaceutical
Butanol and acetone	Clostridium acetobutylicum	Solvents
Ethanol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Beverages, industrial solvents

Note:
Most important the fermentation bacteria are anaerobic, but the use of the organic molecules as the final electron acceptor to produce the fermentation and the products. The process of heating is called pasteurization in the honour and it is still used for the killing of bacteria in some types of beverages and as well as milk also.