Question

What is excitation energy?

Answer 1

Hint: In order to answer this question, we will go through the explanation of excitation energy and we will also discuss the process of excitation with the example. We will also discuss the effect of collision on the excitation energy.

Complete answer:
Excitation can be defined as the addition of a defined amount of energy (called excitation energy) to a system—such as an atomic nucleus, an atom, or a molecule—that results in its modification, generally from the condition of lowest energy (ground state) to one of higher energy (excited state) (excited state).
The excited states of nuclear, atomic, and molecular systems are not continuously distributed, but rather have discontinuous energy values. As a result, external energy (excitation energy) can only be absorbed in discrete amounts.
To elevate an orbiting electron from its ground state to the first excited state in a hydrogen atom (made of an orbiting electron bound to a nucleus of one proton), an excitation energy of \[10.2{\text{ }}electron{\text{ }}volts\] is required. To raise the electron from its ground state to the second excited state, a different excitation energy ( \[12.1{\text{ }}electron{\text{ }}volts\] ) is required.
When excited atoms and nuclei return to their ground states, the excitation energy stored in them is normally dissipated as visible light from atoms and gamma radiation from nuclei. Collisions might also deplete this energy.
Excitation is one of the most common ways for matter to absorb pulses of electromagnetic energy (photons), such as light, and to be heated or ionised by the impact of charged particles like electrons and alpha particles.

Note:
The process begins when excitation energy reaches the unique (trap) chlorophyll, a molecule found in each photosynthetic unit. The energy of excitation is employed to create an oxidising agent (oxidant) and a reducing agent (reductant).