Question

What is Androgenesis?

Answer 1

Hint: Androgenesis is a form of quasi-sexual reproduction. It occurs in plant reproduction where plant regeneration directly from microspore culture undergoes in vitro conditions. As the result, saprophytic divisions, multicellular microspores develop within the anthers. Differentiation of units in pollen embryos which develop into haploid plants.

Complete answer:
Androgenesis is the development of an embryo which contains only paternal chromosomes due to failure of the egg to participate in fertilization. It is a special type of reproduction in which male gamete is the only source of the nuclear genetic material in the embryo. Under this type- females only produce eggs which are without nucleus and the embryo develops from the male gamete which is followed by fertilization.
Androgenesis is the process where male hijack eggs to clone themselves. There are two types of androgenesis occurring in nature- one is where females produce eggs without a nucleus and the embryo develops from the male gamete following fertilization. The second type where the zygote is formed from a male and female gamete but the female genome is later eliminated.
Although both the terms are rare and favored, as in both the reproductive success of an allele is successful but androgenetic strain can always drive a male biased ratio. Examples- in some ants and freshwater clamps, prefer androgenetic, and reasons are unexplained.
When such a non-nucleate egg is fertilized by sperm or by pollen that develops into a nuclear genome of paternal origin. Both types of androgenesis require diploidization of the paternal genome. In plants, sporophyte formation from male gametophytes occurs in artificial medium. In androgenesis, pollen grains are induced by various physical and chemical stimuli.

Note:
In plants, androgenesis and gynogenesis are rare but pollination occurs frequently and is the ideal form of reproduction in plants. Self-pollination and cross pollination are two types of pollination. Self-pollination is pollination where one flower is involved. When pollen from anther in plant falls directly to the female part; stigma of the same flower and fertilization occurs. Cross pollination is the transfer from anther to the stigma of a different flower. Cross-pollination is also known as Xenogamy.