Question

What are the laws of optics?

Answer 1

Hint:Optics is the branch of physics that studies light's behavior and properties, including its interactions with matter and the design of instruments that use or detect it. The behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light is typically described by optics.

Complete step-by-step solution:
The classical electromagnetic description of light can account for the majority of optical phenomena. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light, on the other hand, are frequently difficult to apply in practice. Typically, simplified models are used in practical optics. The most common of these, geometric optics, considers light to be a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend as they pass through or reflect from surfaces.
Geometrical optics is founded on three fundamental laws:
Law of rectilinear propagation:The light will travel in a straight line in the region of constant refractive index, according to the law of rectilinear propagation.
law of reflection :The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence when a ray of light is reflected, according to the law of reflection. The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal are all located on the same plane.
Snell's law or law of refraction: The law of refraction is also known as Snell's law. When a light ray is refracted at the interface, the incident ray, refracted ray, and normal will are all on the same plane. The angle of incidence is proportional to the sine of the angle of refraction.
Thus, these are three laws of optics.
Note:Physical optics is a more complete model of light that includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that geometric optics cannot account for. Historically, the ray-based model of light was the first to be developed, followed by the wave model of light. In the nineteenth century, advances in electromagnetic theory led to the discovery that light waves were, in fact, electromagnetic radiation.