Question

Who was the viceroy of India when the National Indian Congress was formed?
a. Lord Dufferin
b. Lord Canning
c. Lord Wellesley
d. Lord Ripon

Answer 1

Hint:
 In 1885, the INC was founded by A.O. Hume, a former civil servant who had been living in post-retirement Shimla. As for the Indian cause, he welcomed many Indian politicians, and he laid the foundation for the 'Indian National Union.' But the name was changed to 'Indian National Congress' after the recommendation of Dadabhai Naoroji. The term 'Congress' was taken from the Constitution of America.


Complete step by step solution:
 In India, extremist elements such as Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, etc. laid down the ideology known as the 'safety-valve' theory . Two books were published by Lala Lajpat Rai: 'Unhappy India' and 'Punjabi'. He explained and criticised the British policies surrounding the creation of the INC in these two books. According to him, it was Lord Dufferin's plot and the A.O. Hume, which culminated in the formation of the INC. The hostility of Indians began to rise against British policies in the second half of the 19th century with the increasing tide of nationalism, so the British think-tanks derived a definition from which it was said that there would be a buffer organisation known as the Indian National Congress (INC) between the British Government in India and the Indian public.
On the basis of modern research, however, the INC was the product of the convergence of several regional consciousnesses in the sense of a commonality of interests. In fact, there were several cultural institutions that were founded by social reformers at the beginning of the 19th century. And cultural organisations often contribute to social and political understanding.

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note:
 Therefore, in this regard, we see that immediately after the socio-cultural revolution in India (i.e. the Revival of the 19th century), we see the development of different political organisations such as The Landholders Society, founded by Dwarakanath Tagore. It was also known as Zamindar Sabha.
There were several other organisations founded such as the East India Association, the British East India Association of Bengal, Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, and the Indian League.