Question

Under whose period the Ryotwari system of revenue collection was introduced?
A. Lord Cornwallis
B. Lord Macaulay
C. Thomas Munro
D. Lord Wellesley

Answer 1

Hint:
He was a Scottish soldier and colonial administrator.
He is regarded as the father of the 'Ryotwari system'.
He was appointed as the Governor of Madras in 1820.

Complete answer:
Ryotwari system is the system in which the peasants were considered as the owners of the land. They had a license to sell, mortgage or gift the land. The taxes were directly obtained by the government from the peasants. The taxes were 50% in dryland and 60% in the wetland.

Lord Cornwallis oversaw the unification of British supervision over much of peninsular India, establishing the stage for the British Raj. He introduced the Bengal system. He was instrumental in authorizing administrative and legal reforms that modified civil and land administration strategies. This option is incorrect.

Thomas Macaulay promoted English literature and gave strong assistance to English as the medium of education. On 2 February 1835, he presented his 'Minute on Indian Education' that pursued to define the need to impart English education to Indian 'natives'. This option is incorrect.

Thomas Munro had introduced the Munro System in 1820. Under this system, the farmer was proclaimed as the owner of the land. The company made a revenue concession directly with the peasants, that is, the taxes were directly obtained from the farmers. It was under his period that the Ryotwari system of revenue collection was introduced. This option is correct.

Lord Wellesly was the Governor-General of India between 1798 and 1805. He was the fifth Governor-General of India and attended as Foreign Secretary in the British Cabinet and as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. This option is incorrect.

Therefore , the correct answer is C

Note:
There was no involvement of middlemen in the Zamindari system. But, since high taxes had to be paid only in cash, the dilemma of moneylenders came into the show. They further oppressed the peasants with heavy interests.

The Ryotwari system was practised in the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as Assam and Coorg regions. Apart from the Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari system, the other kind of land revenue system was the Mahalwari system.