Question

What types of bonds are found in solid $NaCl$?

A.Van der Waals
B.Ionic
C.Covalent
D.Hydrogen
E.Hydrophobic

Answer 1

Hint: We have to remember that the solid sodium chloride $NaCl$ is an inorganic compound. Sodium chloride comprises sodium ions $\left( {N{a^ + }} \right)$ and chloride ions $\left( {C{l^ - }} \right)$. It is known as salt and is commonly used in the food industry and agriculture. The salty taste of the seawater is because of the presence of sodium chloride in salt form.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that sodium chloride is formed when sodium transfers its electrons to chloride. An electron is lost by sodium and becomes $N{a^ + }$, Electrons are gained by chlorine and becomes $C{l^ - }$.
Let us now identify the bonds present in solid $NaCl$,
-Van der Waals forces:
We can say van der Waals forces' is a common term that is used to describe the attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules. There are two types: weak London Dispersion Forces and stronger dipole-dipole forces.
Therefore, the option (A) is incorrect.
-Ionic Bonding:
We have to remember that the Ionic bonding is the broad transfer of outermost electrons between atoms. In ionic bonds, we have to know that the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation but the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
Therefore, the option (B) is correct.
-Covalent bonding:
Covalent bonds are formed between nonmetals. If the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is $0.5 - 1.9$ units then the type of bond is polar covalent and bonding is called a polar covalent bond.
Therefore, the option (C) is incorrect.
-Hydrogen Bonding:
We must remember that a chemical bond in which one molecule containing hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom mainly nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, generally of another molecule is known as hydrogen bonding.
Therefore, the option (D) is incorrect.
-Hydrophobic:
We also know that the hydrophobic bonds are interactions between water and molecules that are less soluble in water. The nonpolar molecules that contain long chains of carbons, which do not interact with molecules of water, are hydrophobes.
Therefore, the option (E) is incorrect.
And hence option B is correct.

Note: We know that ionic compounds have cations as well as anions. The summation of the charges present in an ionic compound is always zero (overall). Ionic bonds hold the ions firmly leading to ionic compounds. Because of the existence of ionic bonds between them, they contain strong melting and boiling points.