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Two monatomic ideal gas at temperature T1 and T2 are mixed. There is no loss of energy. If the masses of molecules of the gases are m1 and m2 and the number of their molecules are n1 and n2 respectively. The temperature of the mixture will be:
A. T1+T2n1+n2
B. T1n1+T2n2
C. n2T1+n1T2n1+n2
D. n1T1+n2T2n1+n2

Answer
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Hint: Use the formula for internal energy and find the internal energy at temperature T1 and then at T2. As there is no loss of energy, the sum of change of internal energies must be zero. Substitute the values in the mentioned expression. Now, substitute the value for internal energy of gas at constant volume. Then, consider T as the final temperature of the mixture, substitute it in the above obtained expression. Rearrange the equation and obtain the temperature of the mixture.
Formula used:
ΔU=nCvΔT

Complete answer:
It is given that there is no loss of energy which means that the sum of change of internal energies must be zero. Mathematically this can be written as,
ΔU1+ΔU2=0 …(1)
Where, ΔU1 is the internal energy at temperature T1
             ΔU2 is the internal energy at temperature T2
We know, internal energy is given by,
ΔU=nCvΔT
Where, n is the number of molecules
            Cv is the internal energy of gas at constant volume
Using above equation we can write the internal energy at temperature T1 as,
ΔU1=n1Cv1ΔT1 …(2)
Similarly, we can write the internal energy at temperature T2 as,
ΔU2=n2Cv2ΔT2 …(2)
Substituting equation. (2) and (3) in equation. (1) we get,
n1Cv1ΔT1+n2Cv2ΔT2 …(4)
We know, for monoatomic gases,
Cv=32R
It is given that both the gases are monatomic. Thus,
Cv1=Cv2=32R
Substituting this value in the equation. (4) we get,
32Rn1ΔT1+32Rn2ΔT2=0
32R(n1ΔT1+n2ΔT2)=0 …(5)
Let the final temperature be T.
Thus, equation. (5) can be written as,
32R(n1(TΔT1)+n2(TΔT2))=0
Rearranging the above equation we get,
T=n1T1+n2T2n1+n2
Thus, the temperature of the mixture will be n1T1+n2T2n1+n2.

So, the correct answer is option D i.e. n1T1+n2T2n1+n2.

Note:
To solve these types of questions, students must have the clear understanding of thermodynamics and its laws. Also, they should know the ideal gas law and how varying the different parameters changes the behaviour of gases at various conditions.