Question

Two bacteria found to be very useful in genetic engineering experiments are?

Answer 1

Hint: Genetic engineering experiments involves transferring of recombinant DNA into the host cell using vectors having the ability to replicate and multiply faster, so bacteria which has a short generation time and ability to duplicate the plasmid for many generations are usually preferred. Several kinds of important drugs are manufactured by genetic engineering experiments.

Complete answer:
The process of altering the genetic makeup of a host organism using recombinant DNA Technology (rDNA Technology) is termed as genetic engineering. It involves transferring isolated DNA from the donor organism to the host organism by means of a vector. Vectors should have the ability to replicate inside the host organism without any change in its own genetic makeup.
Many kinds of bacteria are used in genetic engineering but two of the most important bacteria used in genetic engineering experiments are Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. E. coli is one of the most important bacteria used in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering. E. coli has a short generation time and has the ability to produce a large number of copies of plasmids with good fidelity. Examples of using E. coli in genetic engineering include the production of human insulin. Similarly, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is a naturally occurring bacteria, has the ability to infect plants and transfer some of its own DNA. Hence, they can be used to transfer the particular gene of interest.

Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Note:
The first genetically modified organism was a bacterium which was successfully made in the year \[1973\]. Other examples of using E. coli in genetic engineering include production of Humulin and somatotropin. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the bacteria which causes crown gall disease. It has been used as one of the important agents in the production of transgenic plants over a wide variety of plant species.