Question

Transposon tagging has been effectively used for the gene cloning of
(a)Maize
(b)Fruitfully
(c)Man
(d)All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Transposon tagging is a process where transposons are amplified inside a biological cell by a tagging technique. The major advantage of this system is that genes whose function is not known can be cloned. Transposon tagging has been used with several species to isolate genes.

Complete answer:
Transposon tagging is used in several species of organisms including mice, humans, and fruit fly. The first step in this procedure is to identify a plant stock that is mutant for a specific trait. A transposable element has been inserted into and inactivated the gene. Next, a genomic library of the plant stock is created. This library is then screened with a clone for the transposable element. Any clone that is selected from the screening will contain the element. In the clone, sequences for the mutated gene will lie adjacent to the element. A subclone containing sequences from the gene is then developed from the non-transposable element DNA of the original clone. This clone is then used to screen a genomic library containing DNA from a normal plant. In this manner, any clone that is selected should contain a full, normal copy of the gene.

Additional Information: -Some genes and even DNA segments do move, jump, or transpose from one location to another in the same chromosome, or from one chromosome to another. Such mobile sequences are known as transposons.
-They are variously known as transposable genetic elements, jumping genes, mobile genetic elements, insertion sequences, etc.
-Their movement to a new position is known as transposition.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Note: Transposons form a major source of genomic mutations and thereby create qualitative and quantitative variations.
-This brings about the multiplication and distribution of antibiotics resistance genes in bacteria and also plays a crucial role in bacterial gene transfer.
-They have the ability to relocate themselves to new sites, to recombine with non-homologous DNA segments, to promote molecular rearrangements and mutations in the host genome, and to alter gene expression.