Question

What is translocation?
(a) Transport of soluble inorganic material
(b) Transport of insoluble organic material
(c) Transport of insoluble inorganic material
(d) Transport of soluble organic material

Answer 1

Hint: Plants prepare food by the process of photosynthesis which produces glucose in the green parts of the plants that are leaves. The movement of substances like amino acids, sucrose around a plant is known as translocation. The main role of translocation is to move the materials from leaves to other parts of the plants.

Complete step by step answer:
Translocation is the transport of soluble organic material. The conducting tissues of plants are mainly concerned with the transport of soluble organic material which is made during the process of photosynthesis.
The non-photosynthetic part of the plant also required nutrients that are transported by the process of translocation. The tissues which carry the nutrients are known as the phloem. Phloem has long, continuous strands which are known as vascular bundles. These vascular bundles extend through the roots and stems and reach the leaves as veins. These vascular bundles contain a tissue known as xylem which carries water and minerals from roots to the shoots. The minerals are in dissolved form.

Additional information: When there is secondary growth in the plant increase in diameter by dividing the layers of the cell just under the bark. This layer makes a new xylem which forms the wood of the tree trunk. Phloem is also made by this thin layer and continuous cylinder phloem. Phloem contains a sap known as a phloem sap which contains a large amount of sugar dissolved in water. All plants translocate sucrose but besides this, they transport other sugars such as stachyose or other sugar alcohols. Various organic compounds are found including amino acids, proteins, and hormones. Translocation of organic materials takes place from the region of higher concentration of soluble form which is the supply end to the region of lower concentration of soluble form which is the consumption end. The supply is known as the source whereas the consumption is known as a sink.
So, the correct answer is 'transport of soluble organic material'.

Note: The plant contains xylem and phloem which are being produced by a meristematic tissue called cambium. The xylem is produced inwards where the phloem is produced outwards. Dead cells of xylem layers form the wood. Plants which grow in the shadows have larger leaves as compared to other plants. The oldest plant is 3.1 billion years old which is the blue-green algae.