Answer
Verified
387.9k+ views
Hint: Solvents are generally classified by the polarity and considered either polar or nonpolar as indicated by the dielectric constant. The protic and aprotic solvents, distinguishing the feature of an –OH group, and that is the most common characteristic of an aprotic solvent. The nature of the leaving groups depends on whether the species are strong base or weak base.
Complete answer:
(A) The leaving group should be able to stabilize the additional electron density that results from the bond in polar aprotic solvents.
DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide is very polar
DMF = dimethyl formamide is a polar aprotic solvent
DMA=dimethyl acetamide is also a polar aprotic solvent
The polar aprotic solvents favor SN1 reactions.
The fugacity order in given polar aprotic solvents is ${{I}^{-}}>B{{r}^{-}}>C{{l}^{-}}>{{F}^{-}}$ because the size of the ion increases basicity increase, hence nucleophilicity decreases. So nucleophilicity is directly proportional to fugacity.
As the electronegativity increases, the ability of the leaving group increases, and also the weaker base stronger is leaving groups.
Stronger bases are not good leaving groups, because leaving groups are able to accept electrons, but strong bases are not able to donate electrons due to their decrease in electronegativity.
Basic order: \[O{{H}^{-}} < R{{O}^{-}} < CH\equiv {{C}^{-}} < N{{H}_{2}}^{-}\]
The leaving group order:
\[O{{H}^{-}}>R{{O}^{-}}>CH\equiv {{C}^{-}}>N{{H}_{2}}^{-}\]
In organic reactions, a conjugate base that is weakly bases is stronger leaving groups than neutral species. For example, $HS{{O}_{4}}^{-}>N{{H}_{3}}$
So, the correct answer is “OptionA, C and D”.
Note: Some factors will determine if a species wants to share its electrons, or not include electronegativity, size, and resonance. Weak bases are strong leaving groups, then EN values increase, size increases, and more resonance will decrease the basicity. Then obviously the ability to leave the group will increase.
Complete answer:
(A) The leaving group should be able to stabilize the additional electron density that results from the bond in polar aprotic solvents.
DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide is very polar
DMF = dimethyl formamide is a polar aprotic solvent
DMA=dimethyl acetamide is also a polar aprotic solvent
The polar aprotic solvents favor SN1 reactions.
The fugacity order in given polar aprotic solvents is ${{I}^{-}}>B{{r}^{-}}>C{{l}^{-}}>{{F}^{-}}$ because the size of the ion increases basicity increase, hence nucleophilicity decreases. So nucleophilicity is directly proportional to fugacity.
As the electronegativity increases, the ability of the leaving group increases, and also the weaker base stronger is leaving groups.
Stronger bases are not good leaving groups, because leaving groups are able to accept electrons, but strong bases are not able to donate electrons due to their decrease in electronegativity.
Basic order: \[O{{H}^{-}} < R{{O}^{-}} < CH\equiv {{C}^{-}} < N{{H}_{2}}^{-}\]
The leaving group order:
\[O{{H}^{-}}>R{{O}^{-}}>CH\equiv {{C}^{-}}>N{{H}_{2}}^{-}\]
In organic reactions, a conjugate base that is weakly bases is stronger leaving groups than neutral species. For example, $HS{{O}_{4}}^{-}>N{{H}_{3}}$
So, the correct answer is “OptionA, C and D”.
Note: Some factors will determine if a species wants to share its electrons, or not include electronegativity, size, and resonance. Weak bases are strong leaving groups, then EN values increase, size increases, and more resonance will decrease the basicity. Then obviously the ability to leave the group will increase.
Recently Updated Pages
Basicity of sulphurous acid and sulphuric acid are
Three beakers labelled as A B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken A small amount of NaOH anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers A B and C respectively It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B whereas in case of beaker C the temperature of the solution falls Which one of the following statements isarecorrect i In beakers A and B exothermic process has occurred ii In beakers A and B endothermic process has occurred iii In beaker C exothermic process has occurred iv In beaker C endothermic process has occurred
What is the stopping potential when the metal with class 12 physics JEE_Main
The momentum of a photon is 2 times 10 16gm cmsec Its class 12 physics JEE_Main
How do you arrange NH4 + BF3 H2O C2H2 in increasing class 11 chemistry CBSE
Is H mCT and q mCT the same thing If so which is more class 11 chemistry CBSE
Trending doubts
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
How do you solve x2 11x + 28 0 using the quadratic class 10 maths CBSE
Select the correct plural noun from the given singular class 10 english CBSE
What organs are located on the left side of your body class 11 biology CBSE
The sum of three consecutive multiples of 11 is 363 class 7 maths CBSE
What is the z value for a 90 95 and 99 percent confidence class 11 maths CBSE
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
How many squares are there in a chess board A 1296 class 11 maths CBSE