Question

The term sarcode was used for the living substance of cells by
(a) Hooke
(b) Dujardin
(c) Purkinje
(d) Brown

Answer 1

Hint: Sarcode is a term of historical interest applied to the protoplasm of protozoa before the term protoplasm was coined. The discoverer of protoplasm termed it as Sarcode.He is remembered for his research on protozoans and other invertebrates. He also remains famous for the identification and the first description of the mushroom bodies.

Complete step by step answer:
The living substance present inside all cells was called Sarcode by Felix Dujardin who observed it in living cells. The Greek word Sarcode means fleshy. Sarcode implies the protoplasm of animals as distinguished from vegetable protoplasm. Felix Dujardin was a French biologist. He is notable for his research in protozoan. Dujardin worked with microscopic animal life, and in 1834 proposed that a new group of one-celled organisms is called Rhizopoda. In the foraminifera, he noticed an apparently formless life substance that he named Sarcode. Dujardin also remains famous for the identification of mushroom bodies in the hymenopteran brain, which he postulated for the first time that they were the site of intelligence. Protoplasm is the general term used for the living substance of cells which is enclosed by the plasma membrane. It may be defined as the complex polyphasic crystal- colloidal complex that possesses all properties of life and is found inside the living cells. However, not everything found in the protoplasm is alive. In eukaryotes, protoplasm is differentiated into nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Deutoplasm is the non- living substance formed by protoplasm during metabolism.
So, the correct answer is ‘Dujardin’.

Additional Information:
- Protoplasm is a jelly- like translucent elastic odorless fluid material.
- protoplasm can change viscous gel state to a more fluid state and vice versa
- It can undergo growth and division
- It can swell by imbibing water and can shrink by losing water.
- It contains nonpolar particles. Electrical conductivity is low.

Note:
- The first cell from an organism was observed by Hooke in 1600. Microscopist Van Leeuwenhoek observed other living substances.
- In the 1800s Schwan and Schleiden proposed that the cells are the building blocks of all living things. Dujardin discovered protoplasm and was named as Sarcode. Purkinje first introduced the term protoplasm. J.S Huxley defined protoplasm as the physical basis of life.
- O.Hertwig proposed a protoplasmic theory which states that all living matter of which animals and plants are formed is protoplasm.