Question

The process of separation of an organic compound from its aqueous solution by shaking with a suitable solvent is termed solvent extraction or differential extraction.
The organic compound present in aqueous layer moves to the organic solvent because:

A.The organic substance is more soluble in the organic solvent.
B.Organic compound being lighter moves in the upper layer.
C.Organic solvent is soluble in water hence organic compound moves up.
D.From the supersaturated aqueous solution the solute starts diffusing.

Answer 1

Hint: The concept deals with tendency of miscibility. As we have heard, like dissolves like. So taking this concept into consideration, we will approach the solution with this point of view and will try to eliminate the options.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Let us discuss the first option mentioned in the question.
Option A. - The organic substance is more soluble in the organic solvent.
In this option, it satisfies the hint, which is like dissolves like. So, the solute and solvent with similar nature will be easily miscible because there will be attraction between the molecules of solute and solvent of similar kind. Also, such a solute will easily distribute itself in the organic solvent, as compared to aqueous phase. Thus, option A. will be kept into consideration and is the correct answer to the given question.

So, option A. is the correct answer to the given question.

Additional information:
Supersaturation is a must for the crystallization to take place. The most prominent example regarding Supersaturation is Sodium acetate. These solutions are highly unstable.
Along With this information, we should know the factors affecting the solubility. They are as follows:
1.Temperature
2.Polarity
3.Pressure
4.Molecular size
5.Stirring

Note: Supersaturation occurs when the concentration of solute exceeds the solubility concentration required at equilibrium. Since no such specifications are mentioned in the questions, option D. is discarded and is not taken in consideration.