Question

The process of mRNA synthesis on a DNA is known as
A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Transduction
D) Transformation

Answer 1

Hint: mRNA, the expanded form of which is known as messenger ribonucleic acid. It plays a major role in the field of biology mostly in the process of protein synthesis. It is a single-stranded molecule which can lead to the production of DNA that carries genetic codes in a cell.

Complete answer: The living cells utilizes mRNA molecules to produce all required for their functioning protein molecules. The most essential component is 'Messenger RNA'. The major role performed by mRNA in protein synthesis is to transfer the information which is encoded in the DNA to the cytoplasm.
a) Transcription: Transcription is termed as the process by which the information from DNA is copied or passed into a new strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The major enzyme involved in this process is RNA polymerase.
b) Translation: Translation is termed as the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids at the time of protein synthesis.
c) Transduction: it is defined as the process through which a foreign DNA is made to enter into the cell by a virus.
d) Transformation: Some modifications are necessary to convert this hnRNA to mRNA, one such modification is capping in which addition of 7-methylguanylate at the 5' end of the mRNA. This is called transformation.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Note: mRNA molecules possess the coding sequence for protein synthesis and are termed as transcripts. rRNA acts as the core of a cell's ribosomes and transfers RNA molecules which carry amino acids to the ribosomes during translation. rRNAs are structural constituents of ribosomes that play a major role in providing the site for protein synthesis, hence, they are said to be the abundant form of RNA.