Question

The place ‘Sumeria’ was a part of which civilization?
A. Mesopotamian Civilization
B. Nile Valley Civilization
C. Harappan Civilization
D. Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Answer 1

Hint: Sumer was first inhabited by a non-Semitic group who did not speak the Sumerian language between 4500 and 4000 BCE. These people are now known as proto-Euphrateans or Ubaidians, after the village Al-Ubayd where their skeletons were found.

Complete answer:
Lower Mesopotamia was the first civilization to emerge (3000 BCE), followed by Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3000 BCE), Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley (in present-day India and Pakistan; 2500 BCE), and Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers (2200 BCE).

Sumer, the earliest known civilization, was situated in Mesopotamia's southernmost area, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in what became Babylonia and is now southern Iraq, from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf. The Ubaidians were Sumer's first civilizing power, draining the marshes for agriculture, establishing commerce, and establishing industries such as weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry, and pottery.

Now let us look at the options:
Option A. Mesopotamian Civilization - Mesopotamia is a historical area in Western Asia located in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent along with the Tigris–Euphrates river system. It encompasses modern-day Iraq and Kuwait, as well as portions of Iran, Syria, and Turkey. This option is correct.

Option B. Nile Valley Civilization – This option is incorrect because Sumeria was not a part of the Nile Valley Civilization. Egyptian culture flourished along the Nile River in large part because the river's regular floods provided consistent, rich soil for crop cultivation.

Option C. Harappan Civilization - About 6000 BC, the Harappan Civilization had its earliest origins in civilizations such as Mehrgarh. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, the two most important settlements, arose around 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh. This option is incorrect because Sumeria was not a part of the Harappan Civilization.

Option D. Ancient Chinese Civilization – This option is incorrect because Sumeria was not a part of Ancient Chinese Civilization rather it was in Mesopotamian Civilization. The term "ancient China's civilization" refers to the time of Chinese history that lasted from the early 2nd millennium BCE, when a literate, city-based society first appeared, to the end of the Han dynasty in 220 CE. This option is incorrect.

Therefore, to conclude our discussion Option (A) i.e, Mesopotamian Civilization is correct.

Note:
i) The Sumerians, whose language became the dominant language of the territory, most likely originated from Anatolia and arrived in Sumer about 3300 BCE.
ii) Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, is the most famous of the early Sumerian kings, having taken over around 2700 B.C.