Question

The organs which have dissimilar fundamental structure but similar functions are known as ………………...

Answer 1

Hint: Different animals and plants show dissimilarities in their structure but in some characters, they show some similarities. These similarities can be homology or analogy. The analogy is the similarity in organs based on a similar function

Complete answer:
-Organs which have different origin and dissimilar fundamental structure but have a similar function are called analogous organs.
-Such organs show convergent evolution.
-Development of similar adaptive functional structures in unrelated groups of organisms is convergent evolution.
-For example, some of the marsupials of Australia resemble equivalent placental mammals that live in similar habitats to other continents.
Some examples include the wings of bats and birds which are analogous to the wings of insects.
Similarly, the eyes of octopus and that of mammals aid in vision but both are different in retinal position.
-When adaptive convergence is found in closely related species, it is called parallel evolution.
-Analogous organs do not show common ancestry but they show evolution.
-There are other examples like hands of man and the trunk of an elephant, potato (stem modification) and sweet potato (root modification), dogfish and whale, and so on.
-Evidence-based anatomy and morphology are very important in knowing more about evolution.
- There are many pieces of evidence for evolution. Homology, analogy, vestigial organs, evidence from connecting links, Atavism, biogeographical distribution, embryology, taxonomy are some of the sources.

So the correct answer to this question is “Analogous organs”.

Note:
According to the evidence in embryology, an organism shows its ancestor stages in embryonic development. Muller was the first to propose the Recapitulation theory. According to this theory ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’.