Question

The names of four particles are listed below. alpha beta-plus neutron proton State the name(s) of the particle(s) in this list that:
(i) are not fundamental
(ii) do not experience an electric force when situated in an electric field
(iii) has the largest ratio of charge to mass.

Answer 1

Hint: We know that radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation. Instability of an atom's nucleus may result from an excess of either neutrons or protons. A radioactive atom will attempt to reach stability by ejecting nucleons (protons or neutrons), as well as other particles, or by releasing energy in other forms. Artificial radioactive isotopes are formed when an atom is bombed with an accelerator or exposing it to slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Radioactive isotope of carbon is formed when a nitrogen is bombed with slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. It is mostly used as a radioactive indicator.

Complete step by step answer
We know that alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. They are generally produced in the process of alpha decay, but may also be produced in other ways. Ionizing radiation comes in three flavours: alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. Alpha particles are the least dangerous in terms of external exposure. Each particle contains a pair of neutrons and a pair of protons. Beta particles are electrons that move very quickly that is, with a lot of energy.
On the other hand, a beta particle forms when a neutron changes into a proton and a high-energy electron. The proton stays in the nucleus but the electron leaves the atom as a beta particle.
(I). Neutron protons are not fundamental particles.
(II). Neutron do not experience an electric force when situated in
an electric field.
(III). Proton has the largest ratio of charge to mass.

Note We know that beta particles can be used to treat health conditions such as eye and bone cancer and are also used as tracers. Strontium-90 is the material most commonly used to produce beta particles. Beta particles are also used in quality control to test the thickness of an item, such as paper, coming through a system of rollers. They travel farther in air than alpha particles, but can be stopped by a layer of clothing or by a thin layer of a substance such as aluminium. Some beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing damage such as skin burns. Alpha particles carry a positive charge, beta particles carry a negative charge, and gamma rays are neutral. Alpha particles have greater mass than beta particles. Gamma rays can only be reduced by much more substantial mass, such as a very thick layer of lead.