Question

The moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions because of _____.
A) Pressure and wind
B) Altitudes
C) Latitudes
D) Increasing distance from sea

Answer 1

Hint: The moderating influence refers to the sea breeze and land breeze that circulate in the coastal areas and contribute to maintaining a moderate weather condition at the coastal regions. These winds also carry a lot of moisture with them and keep the relative humidity of the region very high.

Complete answer:
Now let us analyze the given options:
Option A) Pressure and wind – Pressure here refers to the air pressure or atmospheric pressure. The pressure differences and wind patterns affect the weather conditions all around the world and cause all kinds of weather conditions. There cannot be associated with places having extreme conditions. The poles of the earth experience extreme cold conditions. But it is not due to wind or pressure. Therefore, this is a wrong option.
Option B) Altitude – As the altitude increases the people will not experience extreme weather conditions. They will only experience cold weather conditions. This cold weather will either be moderate or extreme depending on the altitude, but it will never be extremely hot. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Option C) Latitude – As the latitude increases the temperature decreases. At places with lower latitude, the weather is extremely hot and as the latitude increases, the weather gets colder and colder. The regions with cold climates always have cold climates due to the latitude and will never experience extreme heat. Thus, this option is incorrect.
Option D) Increasing distance from sea – As the distance increases from the sea, the effect of the sea breeze and the land breeze decreases. This means that the moderating influence decreases. Thus, the weather is no longer moderate. During the summer season, places away from the sea experience extreme heat and during the winters they experience extreme cold. Thus, it is the correct option.

Thus, the correct answer is Option (D) i.e, The moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions because of Increasing distance from sea.

Note: The sun heats up the land and the sea at the coastal areas. Sea water has higher heat capacity than land. Hence, it takes longer to heat up than the land. The air on the land heats up quickly and rises, and the cool air from above the sea water rushes to take its place. This is called sea breeze and it keeps the temperature of the land moderate. The reverse occurs at night time, where the air from land moves to the sea. This is called land breeze.