Question

The mechanical support, enzyme circulation, protein synthesis, and detoxification of drugs are a function of
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Ribosomes
C. Dictyosomes
D. Chloroplast

Answer 1

Hint: Protein synthesis and detoxification of drugs include transport through vesicles. The structure of the organelles also gives the cell a structure. Enzymes are also supposed to reach from one end of the cell to another and thus an organelle that is spaced widely in a cell is required.

Complete answer: Endoplasmic reticulum is the network of tubular membranes that help in the transport of materials in the cytoplasm of the cell. They are found in eukaryotic cells only. Except for red blood cells and sperm cells, they are found in all cells. These tubular membranes are continuous structures extending towards the cell membrane from the nucleus. They are sac-like and can be divided into types based on their appearance: Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a series of connected sacs having several ribosomes on its outer surface and that’s why they appear rough. These are predominantly seen in cells that are active with protein synthesis like liver cells (hepatocytes). The functions include protein synthesis, protein folding, and also quality check for protein synthesized. It also helps in protein sorting. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes on its surface. Thus, they appear smoother than the RER. It is important for the metabolism of cells. They are mainly responsible for lipid metabolisms like phospholipids and cholesterol. It also helps in carbohydrate metabolism. It helps in the secretion of steroid hormones. They store and release calcium ions in the nervous system and muscular system. It also detoxifies the drugs by converting the water-insoluble or lipid molecule into water-soluble. This helps in expelling the body. The RER and SER almost cover the entire cell and also provide mechanical support by adhering. They also help in circulating enzymes and proteins in the cell.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Note: The ribosomes help in protein synthesis by carrying them. They do not help in detoxification of drugs, mechanical support, and also enzyme circulation. The chloroplast is a photosynthetic pigment.