Question

The laws put forward by Mendel are
A. Laws of germplasm
B. Laws of origin of species
C. Laws of recapitulation
D. Laws of inheritance

Answer 1

Hint: Gregor Johann Mendel did his hybridization experiment on Pisum sativum. Mendel is known as the father of Genetics.

Complete answer:
The laws of inheritance were first forwarded by Mendel and is known as Mendelian inheritance.
Mendel proposed 3 laws.
1. Law of dominance and uniformity: Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
2. Law of segregation: During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
3. Law of independent assortment: Genes of different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

So, the correct answer is “Option D”.

Additional Information: According to Mendel-
1. Characters are unitary i.e., they are discrete (purple vs. white, tall vs. dwarf).
2. Genetic characteristics have alternate forms, each inherited from one of two parents. It is now known as alleles.
3. One allele is dominant over the other. The phenotype reflects the dominant allele.
4. Gametes are created by random segregation.
5. Heterozygotic individuals produce gametes with an equal frequency of the two alleles.
6. Different traits have an independent assortment. It is now known as genes are unlinked.

Note: A Mendelian trait is one that is controlled by a single locus in an inheritance pattern.
A mutation in a single gene can cause a disease that is inherited according to Mendel's principles.
The dominant diseases manifest in heterozygous individuals.
Recessive ones are sometimes inherited unnoticeably by genetic carriers.
Examples include sickle-cell anemia, Tay–Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, and xeroderma pigmentosum.