Question

The indehiscent single-seeded parts of a schizocarpic fruit are
(a) Cremocarps
(b) Mericarps
(c) Exocarp
(d) Cocci

Answer 1

Hint: When schizocarpic fruits mature they split into a single-seeded part. This part can contain one or more seeds. They are common in carrot and other Umbelliferae or in members of the genus Malva.

Complete answer:
When schizocarpic fruits mature, they split into single- seeded parts known as mericarps. Cremocarps are a subtype of schizocarpic fruits. Exocarp is the outermost layer of the pericarp of a fruit. Mericarps upon dehiscence are known as cocci. Schizocarp is intermediate between the indehiscent and dehiscent types of dry fruits. It is formed from two or more one- seeded carpels which divide into single- seeded units at maturity. These single- seeded units Include achenes, follicles, nutlets, Samaras, mericarp, lomentum, Carcerulus, etc. The mericarps can contain one or more seeds, the mericarps of Abutilon have two or more seeds.

Additional Information:
- Cremocarps is a dry fruit that is a type of schizocarp formed from two one- seeded carpels. The carpels remain separate and form indehiscent mericarps that are attached to a central supporting strand (carpophore) for some time before dispersal. It is characteristic of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae; carrot family) .
- The Exocarp is the outermost layer that forms the skin of the fruit. Each layer plays a different role in either protection or dispersal.
- The epicarp forms the tough outer skin of the fruit, if there is one. The epicarp is sometimes called the Exocarp, or, especially in citrus, the flavedo.
So, the correct answer is '(b) Mericarps'.

Note:
- Endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp, which directly surrounds the seeds. It may be membranous as in citrus where it is the only part consumed,
- In addition to seed protection and dispersal, the endocarp also plays an important role in sustaining and communicating with developing seeds.
- Seeds are connected to the maternal fruit tissue via an umbilical structure called the funiculus. The function of the fruit is to protect the seed inside and aid in its dispersal. Some fruits harden to make accessing the seed difficult.