Question

The general electronic configuration of the transition elements is:
A.\[({\text{n}} - 1){{\text{d}}^{10}},({\text{n}} + 1){{\text{s}}^2}\]
B.\[({\text{n}} - 1){{\text{d}}^{1 - 10}},({\text{n}} + 1){{\text{s}}^{1 - 2}}\]
C.\[({\text{n}} - 1){{\text{d}}^{1 - 10}},{\text{n}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{6}}}{\text{,n}}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\]
D.\[({\text{n}} - 1){{\text{d}}^{1 - 10}},{\text{n}}{{\text{s}}^{1 - 2}}\]

Answer 1

Hint: d-block elements are known as transition elements. That means at least one d-electron should be there in the configuration of an element to be called a transition metal element.

Complete step by step answer:
The d block elements are transition metal elements. They are called transition elements because they lie in between s block and p block elements.
The shell just before the valence shell is called the penultimate shell. An element is said to be a d block element when at least one and a maximum of 10 electrons are present in the penultimate shell and valence shell of that element there should be an electron in s orbital.
So if we consider n as a valence shell then \[{\text{n}} - 1\] will be the penultimate shell.
So the general electronic configuration for D block elements is \[({\text{n}} - 1){{\text{d}}^{1 - 10}},{\text{n}}{{\text{s}}^{1 - 2}}\]

Hence, option D is correct.

Additional information:
There is no regular trend of atomic and ionic radius along the period or series in d block elements. The radius first decreases from the group number 3 to 6, then remains almost constant from group 7 to 10 and then increases from group 11 to 12.
Ionization energy of the block element is higher than that of s block element but lower than that of p block element. d block elements are metals and show all the metallic properties. The most important characteristic of the d block elements are their variable oxidation state. The elements of d block can show more than one Oxidation State.

Note:
There are 4 series in d block elements that are 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d respectively. In each of the series there are 10 elements and the 6d series is incomplete till now. Since transition-metal lies in between s and p block elements hence their properties also lie in between the properties of s and p block elements.